![]() ![]() Macaca, phylogenomics, incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization, radiation Introduction These findings provide insights into ILS and potential ancient introgression events that were involved in the radiation of macaques, which will lead to a better understanding of the rapid speciation occurring in nonhuman primates. Combined with fossil data, our phylogenomic data were used to establish a scenario for macaque radiation. Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) was the primary factor contributing to the discordance observed among gene trees however, we also found evidence of hybridization events, specifically between the ancestral arctoides/sinica and silenus/nigra lineages that resulted in the hybrid formation of the fascicularis/mulatta group. We found strong evidence supporting the division of this genus into 7 species groups. In this study, we conducted a phylogenomic analysis on 16 newly generated and 8 published macaque genomes. However, intrageneric phylogenetic relationships among species remain controversial and have not been resolved so far. It exhibits the largest geographic range and represents the most successful example of adaptive radiation of nonhuman primates. The genus Macaca includes 23 species assigned into 4 to 7 groups.
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